Biography
Archimedes life began in 287 BCE, born to be the son of astronomer Phidias. He was born in Syracuse, Sicily, where he spent most of his life, besides the brief time he spent in Egypt studying to become the greatest mathematician of all time.
He began studying math in Egypt at the university established by Euclid, another famous Greek mathematician. During his time in Egypt he invented the hydraulic screw, better known as, "Archimedes screw". He also built off of some of Euclid's work in On the Sphere and Cylinder, where he discusses spheres, cones, and cylinders.
After his revolutionary work in Egypt, he returned to Syracuse and began working for King Hiero II, as an engineer and problem solver. Upon his work with King Hiero II, he was said to have improved a number of weapons used in the Second Punic War. Where Syracuse was defending themselves against the Romans from 218-201 BCE.
Throughout Archimedes extraordinary life, he had many accomplishments. One of Archimedes most famous discoveries was the principle of buoyancy, better known as 'Archimedes principle.' This discovery prevailed when Archimedes entered his bathtub, and the amount of water that overflowed was equivalent to the amount of his body that was under water.
Archimedes wrote many books on mathematics, he was able to calculate the approximation for pi, he developed methods of solving cubic equations and square roots. He was also well known for his knowledge of astrology. He built two astrological devices, one that predicted the motions of the sun, moons, and planets, while the other mapped the sky.
Archimedes devoted much of his life to become the greatest mathematician of all time. In 212 BCE, he was said to be working on a diagram, deeply concentrated on his work, when a Roman solider came up to him during the siege of Syracuse. The Romans were ordered not to harm him, however the solider that came up to him at the time, did not recognize him. He was then killed for his insubordination.
He was buried in an elaborate tomb in the city of Syracuse. The tomb is said to have sculptures of spheres and cylinders on it to honor the incredible work Archimedes did throughout his life.
Figure 2: https://www.worldhistory.org/Archimedes/